Artificial Intelligence for Learning in Higher Education: Evidence from Students and Faculty members
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Learning, Higher education, Undergraduate students, Responsible useAbstract
This study aimed to analyze perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for learning among undergraduate students, based on evidence obtained through the Questionnaire on Artificial Intelligence in Education and Learning in Higher Education (CIAEA-ES). A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted. The sample consisted of 34 participants linked to higher education. The instrument, composed of 20 Likert-type items, is organized into four dimensions: AI-assisted learning, self-regulation and personal judgment, collaboration and co-creation, and critical thinking and responsible use. The results showed a positive assessment of AI use, particularly regarding self-regulation, personal judgment, ethical reflection, and responsible use. The instrument also showed high internal consistency. It is concluded that AI is perceived as a tool that supports learning, although its use requires critical, ethical, and context-sensitive pedagogical integration.
Downloads
References
Aiken, L. R. (1980). Content validity and reliability of single items or questionnaires. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40(4), 955–959. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448004000419
Batista, J., Mesquita, A., & Carnaz, G. (2024). Generative AI and higher education: Trends, challenges, and future directions from a systematic literature review. Information, 15(11), Article 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110676
Bittle, K., Hieb, J. L., & Ralston, P. A. S. (2025). Generative AI and academic integrity in higher education: A systematic review. Information, 16(4), Article 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/info16040296
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9069875
Chowdhury, A., Chowdhury, A., Hoque, N., M., & Jahan, M. (2025). Generative AI: A survey of historical development, emerging trends, and future outlook. Computer Science and Engineering Research. https://doi.org/10.69517/cser.2025.02.01.0004
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
EDUCAUSE (2023a). Integrating generative AI into higher education: Considerations. EDUCAUSE Review. (EDUCAUSE Review)
EDUCAUSE (2023b). 2023 EDUCAUSE Horizon Action Plan: Generative AI. EDUCAUSE. https://library.educause.edu/resources/2023/9/2023-educause-horizon-action-plan-generative-ai
He, R., Cao, J., & Tan, T. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence: a historical perspective. National Science Review, 12. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf050
Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza, C. P. (2023). Metodología de la investigación: las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta (2.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill. https://es.scribd.com/document/898283342/2023-Hernandez-Sampieri-Mendoza-Metodologia-de-la-investigacio-n
JASP Team. (2025). JASP (Version 0.95.3) [Computer software]. JASP.
Li, M., Enkhtur, A., Cheng, F., & Yamamoto, B. A. (2023). Ethical implications of ChatGPT in higher education: A scoping review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.14378
Lim, W. M. (2025). What is quantitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264622
Lin, H., Chen, Q. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) -integrated educational applications and college students’ creativity and academic emotions: students and teachers’ perceptions and attitudes. BMC Psychol 12, 487. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01979-0
McKinsey & Company. (2024). What is ChatGPT, DALL-E, and generative AI? McKinsey Explainers. (McKinsey & Company)
Meta AI. (2023). ImageBind: Holistic AI learning across six modalities. Meta AI. https://ai.meta.com/blog/imagebind-six-modalities-binding-ai/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Ogunleye, B., Zakariyyah, K. I., Ajao, O., Olayinka, O., & Sharma, H. (2024). A systematic review of generative AI for teaching and learning practice. Education Sciences, 14(6), Article 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060636
Qian, Y. (2025). Pedagogical applications of generative AI in higher education: A systematic review of the field. TechTrends, 69(5), 1105–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-025-01100-1
Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and revolution in artificial intelligence in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3
Salmons, J. (2023). Quantitative research with nonexperimental designs. SAGE Research Methods Community.
Setia, M. S. (2016). Methodology series module 3: Cross-sectional studies. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(3), 261–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.182410
Slater, P., Hasson, F., Gillen, P., Gallen, A., & Parlour, R. (2024). Quantitative research designs, hierarchy of evidence and validity. Journal of Research in Nursing. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12056466/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Vera, F. (2023a). Integración de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación superior: Desafíos y oportunidades. Transformar, 4(1), 17–34. R https://revistatransformar.cl/index.php/transformar/article/view/84
Vera, F. (2023b). Integration of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Higher Education: Exploring Faculty Members’ Experience. Transformar, 4(3), 17–22. https://revistatransformar.cl/index.php/transformar/article/view/99
Vera, F. (2024a). Integración de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa en la Educación Superior. Transformar, 4(4), 36–46. https://revistatransformar.cl/index.php/transformar/article/view/108
Vera, F. (2024b). Transforming Higher Education with Adaptive AI Driven-Learning: Challenges and Opportunities. Transformar, 5(2), 36–52. Recuperado a partir de https://revistatransformar.cl/index.php/transformar/article/view/127
Vera, F. (2025). Cuestionario sobre Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación y el Aprendizaje en Educación Superior (CIAEA-ES). Red Internacional de Investigadores en Educación. https://rediie.cl/cuestionario-ciaea-es/
